The greenhouse effect theory and the heat in the atmosphere

Author;Rogelio Perez C.

Summary. 

Physics defines heat as; Thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooler system that is in contact, the heat energy unit is Joules (J), In general, three different modes of heat transfer are recognized: Conduction, convection, and radiation. 

The theory of the greenhouse effect erases  the infrared radiation and the heat transfer by contact of the gas molecules in the atmosphere(14°C), and teaches us that the greenhouse gases (0.04% of the atmosphere), They receive a radiation heat transfer from the surface of the earth whose average temperature is 2.82°C, and these gases re-radiate it in all directions.

We see many errors in the theory of the greenhouse effect; 

1. When radiation heat transfer occurs is produced by changes in the electronic configurations of constituent atoms or molecules and transported by electromagnetic waves or photons.

2. It tells us that the surface of the Earth does not transfer its heat to the Atmosphere by conduction, when it is in contact with its surface, but by radiation. 

3. It tells us that the Sun emitting infrared radiation at all known wavelengths does not emit infrared radiation at the wavelength emitted by the earth's surface. 

4. It does not take into account all molecules in the atmosphere that also emit their temperature as infrared radiation. 

5. It only takes into account 0.04% of the molecules in the atmospheric system, as a new way of transferring heat, not by its own infrared radiation, but as a way to radiate the heat radiated by the earth's atoms. 

6. It teaches us that the earth's surface with an average temperature of 2.82°C can transfer irradiated heat to the greenhouse gases of the atmospheric system, with an average temperature of 14°C. 

7. The heat transmitted to us by the atmosphere is not by the contact of the gas molecules of this, but by thermal radiation radiated by the greenhouse gases.

Heat transfer through the atmospheric system does not occur because infrared re irradiated by greenhouse gases, but because the molecules in the atmosphere transfer their kinetic energy when we come into contact with them.

Introduction, 

In a previous blog talk about how the theory of the greenhouse effect, does not take into account the kinetic energy of the molecules of the atmosphere to explain the temperature of this, in this blog I will talk about heat, which is the greenhouse cornerstone.

Physics defines heat as; the thermal energy transferred from hot system, to cold systems, which are in contact. According to this definition systems with higher heat, transfer their kinetic energy by the contact to the other systems with lower kinetic energy (movement)

Heat, q, is thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooler system that are in contact. 1

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. 

The zeroth law of thermodynamics says that no heat is transferred between two objects in thermal equilibrium; therefore, they are the same temperature.2

We can calculate the heat released or absorbed using the specific heat capacity C, the mass of the substance, m, and the change in temperature, ΔT in the equation: q=m×C×ΔT

Heat and temperature are two different but closely related concepts. Note that they have different units: temperature typically has units of degrees Celsius (degreesC,) or Kelvin (K), and heat has units of energy, Joules (J).

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. The water molecules in a cup of hot coffee have a higher average kinetic energy than the water molecules in a cup of iced tea, which also means they are moving at a higher velocity.3

Charles law for gases, for any gas, the ratio between temperature and volume is directly proportional, if the quantity of gas and pressure remain constant.

Mathematically we can express it like this:

Where;

V is the volume

T is the absolute temperature (i.e measured in kelvin).

k is the constant of proportionality.4

Kinetic theory

The kinetic theory of gases is a physical and chemical theory that explains the macroscopic behavior and properties of gases (the law of ideal gases), based on a statistical description of microscopic molecular processes. The kinetic theory was developed based on studies by physicists such as Daniel Bernoulli in the 18th century, Ludwig Boltzmann and James Clerk Maxwell in the late 19th century.5

The equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies. It makes quantitative predictions, provides the total kinetic and potential energies for a system at a given temperature, from which the heat capacity of the system can be calculated. However, the equipartition also provides the average values of individual energy components, such as the kinetic energy of a particular particle or the potential energy of a single spring. For example, it predicts that each atom in an ideal monoatomic gas has an average kinetic energy of (3/2) k B T in thermal equilibrium, where k B is Boltzmann's constant and Te the temperature (thermodynamics).6

Thermal motion of an α-helical peptide. The jittery motion is random and complex, and the energy of any particular atom can fluctuate wildly. Nevertheless, the equipartition theorem allows the average kinetic energy of each atom to be computed, as well as the average potential energies of many vibrational modes. The grey, red and blue spheres represent atoms of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, respectively; the smaller white spheres represent atoms of hydrogen.7

Three different modes of heat transfer are recognized: conduction, convection and radiation, 

Conduction: It is the transfer of heat that occurs through a material medium by direct contact between its particles, when there is a difference in temperature and by virtue of the movement of its micro particles. 

Convection: Convection heat transmission consists of two simultaneous mechanisms. The first is conduction heat transfer, due to molecular motion, to which the energy transfer overlaps by the movement of fluid fractions moving driven by an external force, which can be a density gradient (natural convection), or a mechanically produced pressure difference (forced convection) or a combination of both. 

Radiation: Thermal radiation is energy emitted by matter at a given temperature, produced directly from the source outwards in all directions. This energy is produced by changes in the electronic configurations of constituent atoms or molecules and transported by electromagnetic waves or photons, so it is called electromagnetic radiation.

The greenhouse effect theory

The greenhouse effect is a process in which thermal radiation emitted by the planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and radiated in all directions. As part of this radiation is returned to the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.8

https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/

The greenhouse effect theory on heat atmospheric.

The explanation that the greenhouse effect teaches us, about the origin of heat on the planet says; that the heat on the planet originates because the sun's rays heat the earth's surface, and then it radiates this heat into the atmosphere, but that the only gases in the atmosphere that absorb this thermal energy, are the greenhouse effects gases whose volume is 0.04% of the 100% of the atmosphere, which are special in the retention of this thermal energy, and then re irradiate it in all directions, so that we can all feel its heat.

Explanation of heat atmospheric according to classical physics.

The scientific explanation based on classical physics, (the greenhouse effect is also a scientific explanation), about how the heat of the atmosphere originates, tells us that the atmosphere is a body formed by gases. And that temperature in this body is because of the kinetic energy produced by the gas molecules that make up it, because of its movements.

Classical physics mathematically shows us how much heat it transfers to the planet, from a CO2 molecule, to all permanent CO2 in the atmosphere, thanks to mathematical formulas (Boltzmann-Maxwell), which are voluntarily ignored by greenhouse gas scientists, Classical physics mathematically shows us how much heat it transfers to the planet, from a CO2 molecule, to all permanent CO2 in the atmosphere, thanks to mathematical formulas (Boltzmann-Maxwell), which are voluntarily ignored by greenhouse gas scientists, to keep people believing in prophecies, or technically called approximations, which almost always depend on the apocalyptic of the prophet, so some call them alarmists and others don't, but they are all part of the same scientific sect.

Conclusion;

According to physics and chemistry, it is not possible for a cooler system like the Earth with an average temperature of 2,82°C to transfer thermal energy to a hot system like the atmosphere with an average temperature of 14°C, that are only possible in cuantic approaches, when applied to large systems.

There's a confusion between infrared radiation emitted by all bodies, with the transfer of thermal energy, I do not believe that a particle of light emitted by an atom or molecule due to its kinetic movement, will transfer more thermal energy to another atom or molecule, than the same atom or molecule when it comes into contact with another.

because the thermal energy of any system radiated light, this is known as temperature, which is a measure of average velocity (kinetic energy) of atoms and molecules in the system and is measured in degrees Celsius or Kelvin, But heat is the force of this movement, which can only be transferred when the mass of atoms and molecules in one system come into contact with other masses of atoms or molecules in another system with less force of movement and is measured in Joules (J) 

Example, the temperature can be compared to the speed at which a group of any vehicle travels, put it 50km/h, be it a truck, cars or motorcycles,, and heat is the force that those vehicles transfer in a collision with other vehicles, which will depend not only on the speed, but also on the mass of the vehicle. 

Calculating forces in a crash is as simple as multiplying the mass of the object that crashes by its deceleration (Newton's second law). The heavier will push the lighter car back during impact, which means that the speed change of the heavier car will be much lower than the lighter car. If the lighter car weighs half the heavier car, the forces on its occupants will be twice as strong.

If researchers want to use another physics like quantum, to explain thermal radiation phenomena, I want to tell them that the effects of quantum physics on particle radiation disappear when studied in macro systems such as the atmosphere, now the only science that teaches what we know about heat and temperature in gaseous systems such as the atmosphere is classical physics and chemistry, the well-known Charles theory of gases, to Boltzmann-Maxwell's mathematics, and his kinetic theory of gases, which is voluntarily ignored by the great scientific, and scientific intuitions of today's climate, where their ideas already established by consensual and not experiments, do not allow anyone to repeat the ideas and mathematics of classical physics to explain the heat on the planet, it seems incredible that to people who dare to repeat such clear physical concepts, we are called pseudo scientists, and if we want to be heard, we must pass again the kinetic theories of Charles and Boltzmann-Maxwell, through a review of these apostles of greenhouse Effect, who do not consider them serious, in the explanations of the temperatures of the atmosphere. Repeating again the story of Galileo Galilei in the 21st century, where scientific journals reject any idea different from the greenhouse effect paradigm, and social networks exercise the silencing of these truths, not to come from a consensus of experts in greenhouse effect.

Bibliography;

1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

2. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

3. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

4. http://www.educaplus.org/gases/ley_charles.html

5. Maxwell, J. C. (1867). "On the Dynamical Theory of Gases". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 157: 49

6. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/eqpar.html

7. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipartition_theorem

8. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Consultado el 15 de octubre de 2010.

A concise description of the greenhouse effect is given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, "What is the Greenhouse Effect?" FAQ 1.3 - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science, IIPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Chapter 1, page